Conflict Analysis Case Study: Nestlé

Struggle Analysis Case Study: Nestlã © Business is a ceaseless race and in the quick running universe of business, there is assortment of items and shops, showrooms, arrangements and so forth. The primary motivation behind this report concerns the exploration overseeing clashes in association. The association that is picked for our examination report is Nestlã ©. Information and perception examination, suggestions for overseeing clashes is additionally talked about. The techniques utilized for gathering information for this report are studies, surveys, individual perceptions, individual meetings, papers, web and so on. In the primary area, we had given a presentation about the picked association Nestlã © and afterward a concise portrayal about nature of contention in the association and its different kinds and reasons for struggle. The subsequent segment is comprises of writing survey, in which we had talked about the hypotheses and examination papers of various scientists where they clarify about clashes and its causes in an association and in addition how an association can forestall those contentions with most ideal arrangement. The third area includes research philosophy, research nature, information assortment procedures and testing technique. In segment forward we have investigated the essential information by various graphical and factual apparatuses. In definite segment we have given potential ends alongside proposals. Section # 1 1.1: INTRODUCTION TO NESTLÉ Nestlã © was established in 1866 by Henri Nestlã © with home office in Vevey, Switzerland. It has utilized around 250,000 individuals and has manufacturing plants or activities in pretty much every nation on the planet. It is one of the universes greatest food and Beverage Companies. The Companys need is to bring the best and most significant items to individuals, any place they are, whatever their needs, for the duration of their lives. 1.2: PURPOSE OF RESEARCH The reason for the exploration is to locate the variable which has leads towards clashes in Nestlã © Organization. The principle motivation behind the examination is, right off the bat, to distinguish the reasons for clashes in Nestlã © and, furthermore, to oversee clashes in Nestlã © association. 1.3: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY We all experience some kind of contentions in our day by day lives. Pressures, oppositions, and dissatisfactions consistently happen when individuals cooperate. There are contradictions, maybe even battles, among representatives and the boss or between collaborators. Beside character conflicts, individuals basically have various perspectives about the manner in which things ought to be finished. The primary reason for directing the examination is to discover the contentions, and finding the approaches to oversee and illuminate them in an association. In this setting we have the chance to direct our examination on one of the top associations (Nestlã ©). 1.4: DEFINITION OF CONFLICT Strife is characterized as the condition of disagreement brought about by apparent or real restriction of necessities, interests and qualities. A contention can be inward or outer. The idea of contention can assist with clarifying numerous social parts of life, for example, social difference, battles between people, gatherings, or associations and irreconcilable situation. Struggle as instructed for graduate and expert work in compromise which is characterized as when at least two gatherings, with saw incongruent objectives, try to sabotage every others objective looking for capacity. Be that as it may, struggle can likewise happen in helpful circumstances, in which at least two people or gatherings have steady objectives, on the grounds that the way wherein people or gathering attempts to arrive at their objective can at present subvert the others or gathering. 1.5: NATURE OF CONFLICT Struggle may productively be seen as coming about because of contrasting conviction frameworks, changed points of view on the circumstance and qualities coming about because of members collected educational experience and molding, varying interests and destinations. Viably managing strife requires the articulation and the board of members fluctuating interests, conviction frameworks, points of view and qualities. Through the reconciliation of members points of view, conviction frameworks, interests and qualities, struggle and compromise assume significant jobs in individual and social advancement and improvement. Strife emerges when at least one members see the current framework as not working. At any rate one gathering is satisfactorily discontent with the position, that they are happy to claim the contention and talk with the expectation of having the option to impact the circumstance to show up at an improved condition. Struggle might be sight as a procedure we put ourselves through to achieve another condition and self definition. Through clash we have chances to be creatively self-characterizing. In the case of nothing else, strife permits us in future to do things any other way. Through the goals of contention, we can advance and rethink ourselves, our locale, our connections our general public and our reality. 1.6: LEVELS OF CONFLICT 1.6.1: Inter divisional clash Entomb divisional clashes exists between the perceiver and another person inside the association. Despite the fact that the other individual shouldn't know about the contention, the perceiver of the contention circumstance perceives the present or future effect strife can have on work execution. 1.6.2: Intra bunch struggle Intra bunch clashes happen among perceiver and their quick gathering inside the association. The quick gathering can comprise of work group, office or association. Regardless of whether completely or just hastily mindful of the contention issue, the perceiver understands that the contention can legitimately or in a roundabout way influence work execution. 1.6.3: Inter bunch struggle It emerges between the perceivers prompt gathering and another gathering inside the association. Once more, the perceivers inclusion may not be basic, yet the person must know about the circumstance and the potential effect the contention can have on work execution. 1.6.4: Organizational clash Authoritative clash is a condition of contradiction brought about by the genuine or saw resistance of requirements, qualities and interests between individuals cooperating. 1.7: TYPES OF CONFLICT A theoretical clash can ascend into a verbal trade or result in fighting.Conflict can exist at an assortment of types. These are Network strife Political clash Enthusiastic clash Ecological assets struggle Gathering strife Ideological clash Relational clash Between cultural clash Intrapersonal struggle Authoritative clash Strict based clash and Workplace struggle. 1.8: CAUSES OF CONFLICTS 1.8.1: Authority relationship Authority Relationship clashes happen on account of the presence of solid skeptical feelings, misperceptions or generalizations, helpless correspondence or miscommunication, or dreary negative practices. Authority relationship issues frequently increment questions and lead to a superfluous rising winding of dangerous clash. Supporting the safe and adjusted articulation of points of view and feelings for affirmation (not understanding) is one compelling way to deal with overseeing social clash. 1.8.2: Management style For any association to be solid and effective in accomplishing its objectives, the individuals in the association need to have a typical vision of what they are resolved to accomplish, just as clear destinations for every person, gathering/group and division. The board style likewise needs methods of perceiving and settling struggle between individuals, with the goal that contention doesn't turn out to be not kidding to the point that joint effort gets incomprehensible. The administration of any association needs to have methods of downplaying struggle and of taking care of issues brought about by strife, before struggle turns into a significant block to work. The board style assists with maintaining a strategic distance from strife where likely and sorting out to determine struggle where it occurs, as quickly and easily as could reasonably be expected. 1.8.3: Communication boundaries: Strife will be more noteworthy when obstructions to correspondence exist. On the off chance that gatherings are isolated from one another genuinely or by time e.g.; the day move versus the night move the open door for struggle is expanded. To represent assume an organization utilizes just one plant manager, who works the day move and leaves orders toward the start of every week for the laborers on the night move. Before the week's over, how ever, these requests have been just incompletely completed. The chief can't make sense of why. Clearly, the administrator nonattendance from the night move has represented a correspondence obstruction, which thusly causes diminished yield. As Bryans, P, Cronin contended in 1984 that Space or time detachments could advance disengaged bunch interests as opposed to propel a typical exertion towards joint objectives. 1.8.4: Personal factor 1.8.4.1: Behavioral The manner in which enthusiastic experience gets communicated which can be verbal or non-verbal and purposeful or un-deliberate. 1.8.4.2: Physiological Its characterized as the substantial experience of feeling. The manner in which feelings cause us to feel in contrast with our character. 1.8.4.3: Cultural qualities Culture tells individuals who are a piece of it, Which feelings should be communicated specifically circumstances and what feelings are to be felt. 1.8.4.4: Physical This heightening outcomes from outrage or disappointment. 1.8.4.5: Verbal This heightening outcomes from negative view of the annoyers character. 1.9: WAYS OF ADRESSING CONFLICTS There are essentially five different ways of tending to clashes which were distinguished by Thomas and Kilman in 1976. These are 1.9.1: Accommodation Ones gathering gives up its own needs and wishes to suit the other party. 1.9.2: Avoidance Stay away from strife by overlooking it, changing the subject, and so on. As a catalyst methods for managing minor, non-repeating clashes or Avoidance can be valuable as a transitory measure to purchase time. By and large, clash shirking includes cutting off a relationship. 1.9.3: Collaboration Cooperating can discover a commonly advantageous arrangement. Joint effort can likewise be wrong and ti

Portfolio Management Practices in HDFC Bank Essay

HDFC Bank Ltd is a significant Indian money related administrations organization situated in Mumbai. The Bank is a freely held financial organization occupied with giving a wide scope of banking and budgetary administrations including business banking and treasury activities. The Bank at present has a fortunate system of 2201 branches and 7110 ATMs spread in 996 urban areas across India. They additionally have one abroad discount banking branch in Bahrain, a branch in Hong Kong and two agent workplaces in UAE and Kenya. The Bank has two auxiliary organizations, in particular HDFC Securities Ltd and HDB Financial Services Ltd. The Bank has three essential business sections, in particular banking, discount banking and treasury. The Bank's offers are recorded on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and The National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. The Bank's American Depository Shares (ADS) are recorded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Bank's Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) are recorded on Luxembourg Stock Exchange. HDFC Bank Ltd Was consolidated on August 30, 1994 by Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd. In the year 1994, Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd was among the first to get a â€Å"in principle† endorsement from the Reserve Bank of India to set up a bank in the private area, as a feature of the RBI's advancement of the Indian Banking Industry. HDFC Bank initiated activities as a Scheduled Commercial Bank in January 1995. In the year 1996, the Bank was delegated as the clearing bank by the NSCCL. In the year 2001, they turned into the primary private division bank to be approved by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) just as the RBI to acknowledge direct expenses. During the year, the Bank caused a key bind to up with a Bangalore-based business arrangements programming designer, Tally Solutions Pvt Ltd for creating and offering items and administrations encouraging on-line bookkeeping and banking administrations to SMEs. During the year 2001-02 the bank was recorded on the New York Stock Exchange. In September 28, 2005, the Bank expanded their stake in HDFC Securities Ltd from 29.5% to 55%. Thus, HDFC Securities Ltd turned into an auxiliary of the Bank. During the year 2007-08, the Bank included 77 new branches take the aggregate to 761 branches. The craftsmanship and study of settling on choices about venture blend and strategy, coordinating speculations to goals, resource portion for people and organizations, and adjusting hazard against execution. Portfolio the board is about qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers in the decision of obligation versus value, local versus universal, development versus wellbeing, and numerous different tradeoffs experienced in the endeavor to expand return at a given hunger for hazard. The importance of Portfolio Management is as per the following: * Portfolio is an assortment of benefit. * The advantage might be physical or money related like offer, Bonds, Debentures and Preference Shares and so on * The individual speculator or reserve administrator might not want to place all his cash in the portions of one organization, for that would add up to extraordinary hazard. * Main goal is to boost portfolio return and simultaneously limiting the portfolio chance by enhancement. * Portfolio the board is the administration of different budgetary resources, which involve the portfolio. * According to Securities Exchange Board of India Act 1993, â€Å"Portfolio† implies the absolute holding of protections having a place with any individual. * Designing portfolios to suit financial specialist necessity frequently includes making a few projections in regards to the future, in light of the current data. * One of the key contributions to portfolio building is the hazard bearing capacity of the financial specialist. * Portfolios are worked to suit the arrival desires and th e hazard craving of the financial specialist. The Basic target is to boost yield and limit hazard. Different targets are as per the following: * Stability of Income: A financial specialist thinks about soundness of salary from his speculation. He likewise thinks about the soundness of buying intensity of pay. * Capital Growth: Capital thankfulness has become a significant venture guideline. Speculators look for development stocks which give an enormous capital increase by method of rights, reward and thankfulness in the market cost of the offer. * Liquidity: A venture is a fluid resource. It very well may be changed over into money with the assistance of stock trade. The portfolio ought to contain an arranged extent of high evaluation and promptly attractive venture. * Safety: Safety implies security for venture against misfortune under sensibly varieties. So as to give wellbeing, a cautious survey of financial and industry patterns is fundamental. At the end of the day, blunders in portfolio are unavoidable and it requires broad expansion. * Tax Incentives: Investors attempt to limit their duty liabilities from the speculations. The portfolio chief needs to keep a rundown of such venture roads alongside the arrival hazard, profile, charge suggestions, yields and different returns.

Effects of Exercise as a Treatment for Depression

Impacts of Exercise as a Treatment for Depression The goal of the writing survey is, to look at research to discover if utilizing exercise as a treatment for discouragement has an impact. Wretchedness influences many individuals and is usually rewarded with prescriptions and treatment (DeRubies, Siegle, Hollon, 2008) yet practice is once in a while utilized as treatment. The point of this survey is to investigate the productivity of activity being utilized as a treatment. Just writing written in English, and distributed no longer than 10 years prior, (2007) will be utilized to stay modern. At least 8 primary bits of writing will be utilized to make the audit nitty sufficiently gritty. The principle way that articles and diaries will be found is from utilizing PubMed. Different sources will likewise be utilized including SHU library passage, Sheffield Hallam Library and ProQuest. The technique for this investigation is to investigate various kinds of study, and investigate how they are completed, and what their outcomes are. These will be deduced in a table and talked about in more detail beneath. Search utilized on PubMed Measure of results Impact of activity as treatment for melancholy 2664 Impact of activity as treatment for melancholy (separated to the most recent 5 years) 887 It has been known for quite a while that activity has an advantage for physical wellbeing (DoH, 2011) yet not must is think about characterized mental handicaps. They express that activity assists with controlling feelings of anxiety yet dont state whether it can help with despondency and other mental incapacities, for example, tension. Discouragement can be clarified as People with gloom may encounter an absence of intrigue and delight in every day exercises, critical weight reduction or increase, a sleeping disorder or over the top dozing, absence of vitality, failure to focus, sentiments of uselessness or extreme blame and repetitive considerations of death or self destruction. (APA, 2017). With one out of 6 grown-ups in the UK having an emotional well-being issue, for example, despondency and nervousness (Mental Health Foundation (MHF), 2016) it is extremely common and a great deal should be done to attempt to lessen people groups manifestations. While the MHF express that the commonness is one of every 6, Evans, Macrory and Randall (2016) accept that pervasiveness is nearer to 20% so an increasingly point by point audit will be expected to close this. 22.5% were accounted for as ladies and 16.8% were accounted for as men, nitty gritty research is should have been attempt and work out why this is the situation ( Evans, Macrory, Randall, 2016). Discouragement is the most widely recognized emotional wellness issue the world over, firmly followed by uneasiness (WHO, 2016) indicating that is isnt only an issue in the UK. Decent (2016) suggest that activity might be utilized as a supportive movement for decreasing degrees of discouragement thought about mellow to direct, however appear to have constrained information to back that up so further dissecting will be should have been ready to finish up this. Fundamental Studies utilized Study Restrictions End (Silveira et al., 2013) Different age bunches were utilized outcome in-convincing information. Exercise appeared to impact levels of sadness yet all the more inspecting expected to finish up the outcome. (Kvam, Kleppe, Nordhus Hovland, 2016) A few articles utilized were probably going to accidently overstate the impacts of the activity. Exercise can be utilized as a successful mediation inside clinical conditions. (Jaffery, Edwards Loprinzi, 2017) Number of up-and-comers utilized was restricted. As meager as 10 minutes of activity may impact state of mind levels. (Danielsson, Papoulias, Petersson, Carlsson Waern, 2014) Little example size. Exercise can have a positive impact. (Carvalho et al., 2011) Small size. Just 33 utilized. Moderate exercise may contribute however it isnt factually noteworthy. (Chandler et al., 2012) The preliminary participated in one spot in the nation. Exercise didn't appear to have a huge impact by any means. Silveria et al, (2013) completed an efficient survey investigating the impacts of movement on clinically discouraged patients. At first their hunts concocted 1288 outcomes, this was decreased to 10. They could finish up, from taking a gander at these 10 examinations that activity moderaty affects sadness levels. Inside these investigations, all members were in any event 18 years of age. Their outcomes demonstrated a 0.61 decrease in the standard deviation of the 10 examinations after starting activity was completed. Confinements of this examination are that because of the reality the members had all been determined to have clinical gloom, it restricted the quantity of members. Of the investigations that were utilized, 7 examinations utilized just vigorous exercise, 1 utilized simply safe activities and 2 utilized both high-impact and opposition works out. At the point when the information was dissected, they finished up there was a 0.61 change in the standard deviation. There was no measurable importance between the high-impact and obstruction gatherings so this information was combined. This audit presumed that activity might be a decent expansion to antidepressants. Kvam, Kleppe, Lykkedrang, Hilde and Hovland, (2016) did a comparative methodical audit investigating randomized controlled preliminaries. The point was to investigate practice as a treatment for despondency. They explored for databases for important logical preliminaries and 23 preliminaries were utilized. They had a joined aggregate of 977 members. From these 23 preliminaries, they could presume that activity can have a moderate to enormous impact on sorrow when contrasted with control conditions giving a g-estimation of - 0.68. While this is acceptable, upon a development, this had gone down to - 0.22 creation it generally inconsequential. A g esteem is a method of estimating the distinctions in standard deviations (McDonald, 2014). A portion of the constraints of this could be that a few preliminaries may have overexaggerates the outcomes unexpectedly. All patients utilized were clinically discouraged so this may not give an exact portrayal for the majority of the populace. This s hows exercise may impact sorrow levels yet increment is restricted. Cooney et al. (2013) concur that activity may have an effect however this might be extremely negligible. They include that there is no proof to choose if practice has a greater amount of an impact than regular prescriptions. Jaffery, Edwards and Loprinzi (2017) completed a randomized control mediation and the point was to assess the impact of activity on melancholy. The manner in which they completed this was to part the gathering of 88 members into 4 gatherings of 22. Their mind-set scores and levels of misery were taken when exercise had been finished utilizing the POMS poll (Mackenzie, 2001). This is an awesome survey that assists with working out the degrees of specific states of mind in somebody. Jaffery, et al. (2017) state in the table remembered for the report that report in general mind-set was expanded, bringing down the scores on the tables. It was additionally announced that downturn levels were diminished too. They found that by doing a modest quantity of activity (5/10 minutes) it is conceivable to tremendously expand temperament levels. Dusseldorp et al., (2010) concur with the reality a modest quantity of activity could help improve the degrees of misery. The primary restriction of this e xamination is that it doesn't have numerous members prompting a danger of over reasoning that the outcomes are applicable for the populace. Danielsson, Papoulias, Petersson, Carlsson and Waern (2014) made a three-furnished randomized control preliminary of assessing the impact of 2 extra medicines, exercise and fundamental body mindfulness treatment (BBAT) (Skjã ¦rven Sunda, 2015). This preliminary has 62 members that were all on antidepressants (Danielsson et al., 2014). These were then part into 3 gatherings, 2 mediation gatherings and 1 benchmark group. The gatherings had 10 weeks of oxygen consuming activity or BBAT. The primary appraisal figures were levels of discouragement in the applicants. This was estimated utilizing the MADRS scale (Williams Kobak, 2008). The outcomes were taken by a blinded assessor with the goal that they could be fair. The outcomes after the intercession bunch participated in practice was a decrease in MADRS score by - 10.3. With the most noteworthy score being 60 (FDA, 2007), a decrease by 10 is generally excellent. A few confinements of this could be the reality there was a generally lit tle size of test and individuals may have been excessively idealistic with how their downturn levels had changed. This concurs with the outcomes about that activity can positively affect serious despondency however a great deal of influence would conceivably be expected to persuade someone to do this. Carvalho et al., (2011) took a gander at the effect of moderate exercise on melancholy. This article was a two-outfitted examination. At first 150 individuals were met for the preliminary however this was chopped somewhere near irregular choice to 33 members. These members were then placed into 2 gatherings, 11 utilized just antidepressants and 22 individuals took an interest in work out. The 22 members taking up the activity went for part in day by day strolls for 30-45 minutes for 12 weeks. One of these was helped with an exploration individual. The activity bunch had a normal decrease of 6 .84 on the hamd17 scale (GlaxoWelcome, 1997) This isn't exceptionally high however it despite everything suggests that there is an advantage of utilizing exercise as a treatment for melancholy. Of the activity bunch 25% of the gathering had abatement yet there was no real way to reason this was because of the activity. There was an exceptionally constrained measure of individuals utilized, with just 33 it is difficult to made measurably noteworthy outcomes. Carvalho et al., (2011) presumed that if individuals adhered to the severe 12-week practice program it might prompt a lower level of despondency nearby with hostile to discouragement tablets. Chandler et al., (2012) investigated the impacts of constrained exercise as a treatment nearby antidepressants. They utilized 361 individuals who had all visited their GP with self-analyzed side effects of misery who were then surveyed by the GP. All up-and-comers were required to have a score of 14 on the Beck scale (APA, 2016). It was a 2-arm equal mediation. The primary estimation was self-estimated sadness levels utilizing

Hypermedia website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypermedia site - Essay Example There are consistently various perspectives to everything, and the utilization of twitter handle in the hypermedia site is to empower one to make an informal organization with individuals in your specialty and to have the option to realize who is discussing your site and what is being examined (Webdesigner Depot, 2012). Twitter is utilized in the hypermedia site since it is a suitable method to helpfully connect with this age is innovatively cutting-edge and social destinations are a method of regular daily existence. Circumstantially, the greater part of these understudies are bloggers henceforth it frames a decent stage and a correspondence medium with the client as to the theme. Twitter pulls in invested individuals, so it will undoubtedly get more supporters to the theme. The accentuation and quickness make the substance on the web alluring to peruse (Iofilm.co.uk, 2012). This is on the grounds that perusing from a screen is more troublesome than perusing from paper. The use of less messages in the hypermedia site urges the adolescents to peruse and consequently urges more people to join. This is so on the grounds that the use of long messages may empower equivocal composing which isn't useful for the site advancement. The landing page is likewise basic. Research shows that a great many people take a gander at the landing page of an advert thus the landing page of the hypermedia site is basic. This is so in light of the fact that its effortlessness draws in more perusers to the site. The utilization of photograph slides in the hypermedia site is to help the secondary school understudies identify with the creatures found in the rainforests. Likewise, an apparatus (photograph slides) empowers them to have the option to recognize them from different creatures in different pieces of the world. The photograph slides are utilized to effectively what can't be put across by utilization of words alone (Piechnick, 2012). The utilization of an outer internet searcher will enable the understudy to be dynamic such that they can redistribute material from different locales and advance their insight on

The sacrament of marriage Essay Example

The holy observance of marriage Essay The Roman Catholic Church has a quite certain understanding of marriage and how it ought to be acknowledged. Marriage is one of the ceremonies. It is one of the services that the Roman Catholic Church anticipates that a dedicated catholic should experience. It is accepted to bring you one bit nearer to God. Marriage is likewise a contract, a guarantee to each other. It is an interminable understanding between two individuals to distribute themselves to each other.The Catholic Church accepts that the connection between two individuals ought to resemble the creation story. Adam and Eve are model guardians and set a guide to all couples. God needs all Catholics to have a bond between one another appeared in the creation story.Jesus had an alternate view to the Old Testament which was that two individuals become one once they join together. Jesus said No individual must separate what God has consolidated, implying that it isn't our business to decide to isolate. Jesus was totally against the possibility of divorce.The Pope has a comparable supposition to Jesus that a man and a lady vow themselves to each other in an unbreakable partnership implying that a marriage is unbreakable and that they are deciding to enter a union, a long lasting commitment.Hosea stressed that marriage was an image of Gods covenantal love.He said show your adoration for a lady who is submitting infidelity with a darling. He is attempting to state that we ought to have the option to pardon in the event that we have trespassed against each other. The adoration between two individuals should enable their union with get by through a crisis.The Catholic Church trusts it is inadmissible for two individuals to separate as this is underlined in the New Testament despite the fact that it conflicts with Moses lessons who said that separation was worthy. Albeit a marriage can be abrogated on the off chance that it is demonstrated that it was rarely genuine or occurred for an inappropriate reasons.One of the primary perspectives on the Catholic Church is that marriage is there for two individuals to get one. There is an exceptional association that two or three offers in a marriage, sex is an indication of this association where two become one. In the event that the two accomplices decide to isolate they are as yet joined in the wake of getting one and God allows nobody to one. In a marriage sex is viewed as a legitimate articulation of the adoration for a man and a lady just inside marriage. They can have kids with the consolation of the congregation. The places of worship lessons clarify that the sex and the chance of having a kid ought not be isolated. The congregation trains that marriage is the main fitting relationship, inside which sex should take place.In a wedding function, two individuals make a dedication which is finished by the conjugal pledges. These promises incorporate what their obligations are and what they are relied upon to do as spouse/wife. For more extravag ant for more unfortunate is one of the pledges implying that they should remain by one another in the event that they are encountering any money related challenges. In affliction and in wellbeing implying that on the off chance that one accomplice tragically is debilitated, the other must help them and proceed with their marriage. There are numerous different promises which clarify their responsibilities.The Catechism is a book on moral issues which clarifies the Catholic Churches sees on society. One of the classifications that are featured in the instruction is that infidelity, separation, polygamy and free association are generally offenses against the nobility of marriage. Masturbation erotic entertainment and gay practices are additionally viewed as sins. The Catholic Church is emphatically against any one that doesn't follow the creation, the joining of a man and woman.Polygamy is another classification that the congregation doesn't favor of where somebody is hitched to more t han one individual. This is clarified in 1 kings11: 3 that Solomon had hitched 700 princesses and furthermore had 300 mistresses. Solomon had resisted Gods laws and was lead off track by these women.The Catholic Church essentially accepts that when two individuals are hitched they have made a guarantee and are joined together. They can have sex and afterward have the option to have a youngster. Individuals are relied upon to keep their pledges and acknowledge the ethical issues referenced in the catechism.AO2: Explain how over the span of their marriage the couple would apply these convictions and feature explicit occurrences where Christian conviction has a genuine effect to a solid marriage, you may incorporate an assortment of Christian reactions to the convictions andProblems that emerge in marriage (598 words)Many relationships are fruitful and don't encounter any significant issues while there are numerous relationships which do encounter difficult issues. These issues can be identified with their promises or other social issues. Numerous things should be possible to help spare a marriage during an emergency with assistance from the congregation or groups.When a marriage is experiencing issues they can frequently think about the promises by keeping them. These conjugal pledges can help settle issues. For more extravagant for less fortunate is one of the pledges that we are relied upon to follow. Relationships can go through monetary troubles which can prompt issues. One accomplice may feel they can't live with the other in the event that they are not being upheld monetarily. Relationships going through these troubles are relied upon to cherish each other regardless of whether they are encountering money related problems.Another pledge that is required to help settle issues is in infection and in wellbeing. This pledge implies that if either accomplice is having medical issues, the other should bolster them. Numerous relationships can separate as one acco mplice may feel they can't love and care for them. Utilizing this promise they ought to have the option to keep adoring one another and empower them to determine the issue by making time to think about the individual. Two individuals in a marriage are required to be as one till death do us separated. Individuals can think about this pledge and assist them with needing to proceed with the marriage and love each other until either accomplice dies.A marriage can encounter numerous issues and weights in the public eye. Relationships can separate for some reasons. A few times there could maltreatment in the marriage driving the casualty to learn about the main way it is to isolate. A huge level of relationships drop out because of one accomplice submitting infidelity and the other may feel they can't excuse. In these circumstances separation can be inescapable. A couple may have an abrogation in the event that they demonstrate that the marriage was either hurried or one was constrained o r it occurred for an inappropriate reasons. When a marriage has been revoked it has the benefit of totally being killed from the places of worship records and can re-wed in a catholic church.When a couple is encountering issues they can find support from the congregation where there are sure gatherings composed for marriage issues. They would all be able to get help from mentoring gatherings, for example, Marriage and Relate.A couple may feel that they should remain together regardless of what because of specific reasons. On the off chance that kids are included the couple may feel that they need to remain together for them and to keep the family from separating. A couple may remain together for strict reasons. They might be strict and resolved to keep the marriage together to comply with the Roman Catholic perspectives. In the wake of having conjugal issues it could make a relationship a lot more grounded between two people.In a R.E video, R.E assortment, I found out about couples who have genuinely kept the pledge in disorder and in wellbeing. Anita and Glenn were as one for five months and afterward wedded for a half year. Shockingly Glenn endured in a mishap and got crippled. Anita was empower to think about him and needed to take care of her youngster. She didn't separate from Glenn and visits him all the time feeling that her marriage is still exceptionally alive and genuine despite the fact that she is not, at this point ready to have a sexual relationship with him. This is a case of a genuine Christian who keeps on adoring her significant other in infection and in health.AO3: Life long marriage is a lot for Christians to live up today. The congregation ought to be happy to drop this pledge. Do you concur? Offer purposes behind your response demonstrating that you have considered all the more then one perspective. (462 words)I can't help contradicting this announcement and that this pledge ought not be dropped. I think individuals need somebody they can depend on and have the option to impart a mind-blowing remainder to as this is fundamental in a quick evolving world. They can have a future together that they can anticipate. When getting hitched a couple stand up their promises. The pledge demise do us part ought not be broken as the Roman Catholic Church says. Jesus needed union with be perpetual simply like his affection for the congregation, which is changeless. He clarified that he didn't care for separate. A couple ought not be separated until one has died.Getting hitched is important to show the couple is prepared to make a guarantee to one another. Two or three needs this security, this duty to show the unceasing solidarity between two individuals. Marriage can empower a couple to have steadiness in this manner a couple can give a caring home to kids. It gives the couple and kids security. On the off chance that the couple have a solid enduring relationship it can forestall infidelity. A couples relationship can develop an d their affection deepens.Jesus clarified that when two individuals are gone along with it isn't dependent upon us to choose to isolate. Having a separation is an immediate infringement to the pledges and Jesus lessons. He needed us to work through what ever issues or challenges we have seeing someone which could help make a couple stronger.How ever much of the time it would be ideal if this pledge were to be dropped. Couples may be having difficult issues, for example, physical maltreatment. On the off chance that there is maltreatment in the relationship it might be incredibly hard to traverse and separation could be unavoidable. A few connections could be encountering insoluble cash issues. They could be under water and the relationship is simply not advancing. There could be not kidding sexual issues in the relationship. One accomplice may urgently need a kid while the other may not or one accomplice might be not able to have chi

40 Hours Left!

40 Hours Left! Following the old tradition Go and change the world! Buena suerte! :) - Some things I learned this semester: Heres a fun experiment. How do we perceive emotion? The faces pictured below are either Angry, Fearful, Disgusted, Happy, Neutral, Sad, or Surprised. Two are used more than once. Taken From: Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets. Michael J. Lyons, Shigeru Akamatsu, Miyuki Kamachi, Jiro Gyoba. Proceedings, Third IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, April 14-16 1998, Nara Japan, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 200-205. Taken from Hood, Clifton. 722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York. John Hopkins University Press, 1995. A 1907 ballad, The Subway Express depicted the Interborough as an arena for sexual flirtation where the motion of a crowded rush hour express threw two strangers, a young man and a young woman, into each others arms. As the train sped from lower Manhattan to the Bronx, they fell in love: (Boy) It was in no sheltered nook It was by no babbling brook When romanticlly we met. (Girl) Ah, the scene I cant forget We were thrown together in the Subway Express. (Boy) You were clearly all at sea As you wildly clutched at me When around that curve we swung. (Girl) Yes, and though Id lost my tongue I made a hit with you, you must confess. (Boy) Yes, you hit me in the back And as around and round you flew I inquired if I could tender a supporting arm to you. (Girl) To which I answered, No sir! When the guard yelled Move up closer And clearly there was nothing else to do. (Boy) We first met down at Spring Street And then upon my word. (Girl) I felt Id known you all my life When we reached Twenty Third. (Boy) You won my heart at Harlem (Girl) At the Bronx I murmured yes, (Boy) We lost no time in that hour sublime On the Subway Express. Now isnt that an amazing way to fall in love?! :P ps. Just in case you were confused, some of the classes I took this term were Ecology (1.018/7.30), Neuroscience (9.01), and History of New York City (21H.235). Thats where all the things are coming from. :) Back to studying!

Dunkin Donuts Essay - 1100 Words

Dunkin Donuts (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Instructor:Date:Dunkin DonutsDunkin Donuts is a well established company that operates in the foods and beverages industry where it supplies lots of foods that are consumed globally. According to Bussing-Burks (28), it is a firm that competes with the likes of Starbucks and Krispy Kreme in the coffee and doughnut businesses respectively. There are various branches and outlets of this company both in the United States and elsewhere in the world. It has managed to open and operate more than 1500 restaurants that are located in 37 countries worldwide. The tremendous growth illustrates the level of commitment that the management has put in place to see at it that the business moves to the next level.The industries in, which this firm operates, are quite competitive since there are many players each with a different approach thus making it hard for Dunkin Donuts to control a large market share according to the aspirations of the management. There are numerous k ey factors that have led to the success of this firm. One of them is the idea of ensuring that the management and personnel hired are of the required skills, which makes it possible for the firm to integrate its core values and business principles into them thus translating to tremendous levels of success. The other factor is the quality of products and services rendered by this company. The firm has always been preparing top quality products, which when combined with adequate and sufficient customer service translates to the success being witnessed up to this moment (Bussing-Burks 137). Dunkin Donuts is known for its extensive efforts in product promotions that include mechanisms like personal selling, advertising, and exhibitions. These promotions have been and continue to be instrumental in scaling up the volumes of sales thus triggering the firm into success.The industry remains quite competitive thus requiring the company to devise numerous mechanisms that can help it to contai n the threat brought about the availability of competition from other companies. Competitor rankings and competitor rankings strength chart reveals the nature of competition in the industry. The firm has identified seven success factors that result to areas that result in enormous competition in the foods and beverages industry. These include market share, distribution, brand image, product quality, product variety, patents, Research Development, and financial resources. The management of this firm ensures that these factors are assigned weights that reveal their significance when it comes to ranking to reveal the way the strategy has to be formulated to counter the influence of competition in the industry (Gopinath and Julie 86). These weights are judgmental and subjective thus making them temporary since they can easily change depending on the point of view of the managements. A strength ranking is assigned to each key success factor ranging from the strongest to the weakest. An example of this can be a situation where the number of outlets that a firm has can be used to determine its distributional strength. The chart below compares Dunkin Donuts to Starbucks and Krispy Kreme, which are the direct competitors since they operate in the same industry.Dunkin Donuts CompanyStarbuckscompanyKrispy KremecompanyKSFImportance weightStrength ratingFirm ratingStrength ratingFirm ratingStrength ratingFirm RatingMarket share0.254.01.03.00.81.50.4Distribution0.23.00.64.00.82.50.5Brand 0.164.00.63.90.62.00.3Product quality0.133.00.42.80.41.60.2Product Variety0.115.00.63.90.43.00.3Patents0.084.00.34.00.32.00.2R D0.044.00.24.00.22.00.1Financial resources0.035.00.24.00.13.00.1Overall1.03.83.62.1 The results in the table above can be plotted on a chart that shows the strength of competitors and factors leading to the same. It follows that Dunkin Donuts is well placed to counter the competition in the market thus leading to sustainability and profitability.An analysis of the five forces outlined in Porters model reveals the organization of Dunkin Donuts desire to continue fighting for the control of the market. The first aspect of this model is all about the bargaining power of suppliers. The firm is operating in an industry where it has many suppliers of the required raw materials (Schermerhorn 213). It, therefore, implies that these suppliers have limited influence in dictating the flow of activities in this firm since the firm can decide to deal with other suppliers. There is always a threat resulting from potential entrants in the food and beverages industry since food is considered to be essential products where many firms wish to venture. It means that Dunkin Donuts has to be extremely careful not to lose its market to potential entrants.There is a threat resulting from substitute products in this industry. A company like Starbucks is working hard to snatch coffee customers from this company hence signifying the ease of substitution that the coffee made by this company faces in the market. The bargaining power of customers is quite average in this industry since firms can still increase their prices and get an increased number of customers. It implies that the customer loyalty, marketing, and service delivery play role in reducing the bargaining power of customers (Gopina...

Emotional Intelligence Can it be Improved - 529 Words

As a leader in the military, I encountered an airman who was low on the emotional intelligence scale. He survived basic training and a pretty intense two month technical school that required he learn at a fast pace while still adjusting to military norms. He lasted less than two years in the military before he was asked to leave. This airman had met all the military prerequisites. To work in the public affairs arena he had to score pretty well on the military entrance exam, so he met the usual predictor of success; he had the cognitive abilities. He was separated from the Air Force because of his poor social skills. This paper will discuss whether our organization could have developed the airmans emotional intelligence and if so, what effective training would look like. It has often been said hurt people hurt people and can hurt an organizations bottom line. Executives are taking notice. Hurt people can be more accurately described as people with low emotional intelligence. g-man believes damage to the affective domain can start early on in life, when a child picks up unhealthy coping mechanisms and it becomes deeply ingrained as they grow into adulthood. People with high emotional intelligence exhibit competence in two areas - personal and social. The personal competence encompasses how well a person can identify and regulate their emotions and the social competence is how well a person can identify or empathize with others emotions and manage them. The airman whoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Emotional Intelligence 2.0 Summary and Assessment826 Words   |  4 Pagesbook, Emotional Intelligence 2.0, provides an alternative approach to how a person achieves success. This book does not focus on the conventional determinant of success, such as formal educ ation and training, experience, and intelligence level (IQ). 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It is also defined as the capability of an individual to recognize and understand the meaning of emotions, their relations and use this information to reason critically and solve problems based on these emotions (Dann 78). The first Emotional Intelligence theory was initially developed by early psychologists back in the 1970s and 80s

Calculating the Change in Entropy From Heat of Reaction

The term entropy refers to disorder or chaos in a system. The greater the entropy, the greater the disorder. Entropy exists in physics and chemistry, but can also be said to exist in human organizations or situations. In general, systems tend toward greater entropy; in fact, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the  entropy  of an isolated system can never spontaneously decrease. This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the change in entropy of a systems surroundings following a chemical reaction at constant temperature and pressure. What Change in Entropy Means First, notice you never calculate entropy, S, but rather change in entropy,  ÃŽâ€S. This is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. When  ÃŽâ€S is positive it means the surroundings increased entropy. The reaction was exothermic or exergonic (assuming energy can be released in forms besides heat). When heat is released, the energy increases the motion of atoms and molecules, leading to increased disorder. When ΔS is negative it means entropy of the surroundings were reduced or that the surroundings gained order. A negative change in entropy draws heat (endothermic) or energy (endergonic) from the surroundings, which reduces the randomness or chaos. An important point to keep in mind is that the values for  ÃŽâ€S are for  the surroundings! Its a matter of point of view. If you change liquid water into water vapor, entropy increases for the water, even though it decreases for the surroundings. Its even more confusing if you consider a combustion reaction. On the one hand, it seems breaking a fuel into its components would increase disorder, yet the reaction also includes oxygen, which forms other molecules. Entropy Example Calculate the entropy of the surroundings for the following two reactions.a.) C2H8(g) 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) 4H2O(g)ΔH -2045 kJb.) H2O(l) → H2O(g)ΔH 44 kJSolutionThe change in entropy of the surroundings after a chemical reaction at constant pressure and temperature can be expressed by the formulaΔSsurr -ΔH/TwhereΔSsurr is the change in entropy of the surroundings-ΔH is heat of reactionT Absolute Temperature in KelvinReaction aΔSsurr -ΔH/TΔSsurr -(-2045 kJ)/(25 273)**Remember to convert  °C to K**ΔSsurr 2045 kJ/298 KΔSsurr 6.86 kJ/K or 6860 J/KNote the increase in the surrounding entropy since the reaction was exothermic.  An exothermic reaction is indicated by a positive  ÃŽâ€S  value. This means heat was released to the surroundings or that the environment gained energy. This reaction is an example of a combustion reaction. If you recognize this reaction type, you should always expect an exothermic reaction a nd positive change in entropy.Reaction bΔSsurr -ΔH/TΔSsurr -(44 kJ)/298 KΔSsurr -0.15 kJ/K or -150 J/KThis reaction needed energy from the surroundings to proceed and reduced the entropy of the surroundings. A negative  ÃŽâ€S  value indicates an endothermic reaction occurred, which absorbed heat from the surroundings.Answer:The change in entropy of the surroundings of reaction 1 and 2 was 6860 J/K and -150 J/K respectively.

Biography of Mary Seacole, Nurse and War Hero

A nurse, businesswoman, and war hero, Mary Seacole was born in 1805 in Kingston, Jamaica, to a Scottish father and Jamaican mother. Her exact birthdate is unknown, but her life would be celebrated around the world thanks to her efforts to treat wounded British soldiers during the Crimean War. Fast Facts: Mary Seacole Also Known As: Mary Jane Grant (maiden name)Born: 1805 in Kingston, JamaicaDied: May 14, 1881 in London, EnglandParents: James Grant, mother’s name unknownSpouse: Edwin Horatio Hamilton SeacoleKey Accomplishments: Opened a boarding house for convalescent soldiers during the Crimean War; wrote a memoir about her efforts.Famous Quote: â€Å"My first experience of battle was pleasant enough (...) I felt that strange excitement which I do not remember on future occasions, coupled with an earnest longing to see more of warfare, and to share in its hazards.† Early Years Mary Seacole was born Mary Jane Grant to a Scottish soldier father and a nurse-entrepreneur mother. Seacole’s mother, whose name is not known, has been described as Creole of African and English descent. Due to their different racial backgrounds, her parents could not marry, but Seacole’s mother was more than the â€Å"Creole mistress† some historians have labeled her.  Described as a doctress, a reference to her knowledge of herbal medicine, Seacole’s mother excelled as both a healer and a business owner. She ran a boarding house for ailing soldiers, and her health expertise and business acumen would influence Mary Seacole to pursue the same path. Meanwhile, the military background of Seacoles father likely gave her compassion for servicemen. The cultural heritage of her parents also influenced Seacole’s nursing; it prompted her to merge the African folk medicine expertise she learned from her mother with the Western medicine of her father’s native Europe. Extensive traveling helped Seacole to acquire this knowledge. When she was just a teenager, she boarded a merchant ship to London. By her 20s, she expanded her travels, using pickles and preserves as currency. She visited a number of different countries, including the Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, and Central America, in addition to Great Britain.   Only known photograph of Mary Seacole (1805-1881), taken c.1873 by Maull Company in London by an unknown photographer. Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons After making numerous trips abroad, she married an Englishman named Edwin Seacole in 1836, when she would have been about 31 years old. Her husband died eight years later, making her a relatively young widow. After his death, Seacole resumed her travels, opening a hotel in Panama, along the route many fortune hunters took to California during the Gold Rush. A cholera outbreak there piqued her curiosity and she inspected the corpse of one of its casualties to learn more about this gruesome medical condition, a bacterial disease of the small intestine that’s typically acquired from contaminated water. The Crimean War The year 1853 marked the start of the Crimean War, a military conflict over the status of Christians in the Ottoman Empire, which included the Holy Land. During the war, which lasted until 1856, Turkey, Britain, France, and Sardinia formed an alliance to defeat the Russian Empire’s efforts to expand into this territory.  In 1854, Seacole visited England, where she asked the War Office to fund a trip for her to go to Crimea. The territory lacked quality facilities for injured soldiers, so she wanted to travel there to give them the care she felt they deserved, but the War Office refused her request. The decision surprised Seacole who had both a background in nursing and extensive travel experience. Determined to give Britain’s injured warriors the medical attention they needed, she managed to find a business partner willing to finance her trip to Crimea to open a hotel for the wounded. Once there, she opened the British Hotel in the region between Balaclava and Sebastopol.   Unafraid and adventurous, Seacole didn’t just admit soldiers to her boarding house but treated them on the battlefield as gunfire rang out. Both the care she gave soldiers and her presence on the battlefield earned her the moniker â€Å"Mother Seacole.† Her courage and devotion to her charges have drawn comparisons to Florence Nightingale, the British nurse who trained other women to care for the soldiers hurt during the Crimean War. Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. Mary Seacole was posthumously awarded the Jamaican Order of Merit in 1991 and in 2004 she was voted the greatest Black Briton. This is a contemporary painting.   Print Collector / Getty Images Return Home When the Crimean War ended, Mary Seacole headed back to England with little money and in fragile health. Fortunately, the news media wrote about her predicament, and Seacole’s supporters organized a benefit for the nurse who had so bravely served Britain. Thousands of people attended the festival fundraiser that took place in her honor in July 1857.   Given vital financial support, Seacole wrote a book about her experiences in Crimea and other places she’d visited. The book was called â€Å"The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands.† In the memoir, Seacole revealed the origins of her adventurous nature. All my life long, I have followed the impulse which led me to be up and doing,† she explained, â€Å"and so far from resting idle anywhere, I have never wanted inclination to rove, nor will powerful enough to find a way to carry out my wishes. The book became a bestseller. Death and Legacy Seacole died May 14, 1881, at the age of about 76. She was mourned from Jamaica to England, including by members of the British Royal Family. In the years after her death, however, the public largely forgot about her. That has begun to change as campaigns to recognize the contributions of black Britons to the United Kingdom have thrust her back into the spotlight. She ranked first in the 100 Great Black Britons poll that debuted in 2004, and the National Portrait Gallery displayed an undiscovered painting of her in 2005. That year, the biography â€Å"Mary Seacole: The Charismatic Black Nurse Who Became a Heroine of the Crimea† was released. The book has only garnered more attention for the courageous mixed-race nurse and hotelier.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sources â€Å"Crimean War.† National Army Museum.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mary Seacole (1805 - 1881).† BBC - History.  Jane Robinson. â€Å"Ahead of her time.† The Independent, January 20, 2005.

I Love Reading Essay - 69689 Words

Government of India b i n n o v a i c u l t u r w u s i n e s f E N T R E P R E N E UR S H I P m n a d c a t i o n u o n P l o y m e n t l t h e v i r o n m e n t n a n c e A Study by National Knowledge Commission Entrepreneurship in India National Knowledge Commission 2008  ©National Knowledge Commission, 2008 This report has been prepared by Amlanjyoti Goswami, Namita Dalmia and Megha Pradhan with support and guidance from Dr. Ashok Kolaskar and Mr. Sunil Bahri. Table of Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII Annexure I : : : : : : : : Introduction: Why Entrepreneurship What Motivates Entrepreneurship Socio-cultural Factors Access†¦show more content†¦At the heart of the report are the entrepreneurs, who responded with tremendous enthusiasm in sharing their experiences with the National Knowledge Commission (NKC). The oneon-one interviews with entrepreneurs in Pune, Kolkata, Chennai, Ahmedabad, HyderabadShow MoreRelatedMy Journey Through Reading And Writing963 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough reading and writing started once I started school. I don’t remember the early years but they laid down a foundation for me. It got me to where I am today. I love reading for pleasure but I want to be more open to different types of genres. I’m not the best writer but I try my best to write well. I have a strong approach to writing an essay but when it comes to actually w riting, I don’t feel too confident. I hope that this year will help me become a better reader and writer. 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I have been late for a lot of things in lifeRead MoreThe art of reading essay #21553 Words   |  7 PagesBarbara Gomez Mrs. Melissa Qualls EPP 150 10/23/2013 The Art of Reading by Lin Yutang At the beginning of this essay, Yutang starts speaking about the differences between the mind of a person who reads and of someone who does not read. Lin show his point of view very cleary telling us how small can be the thoughts of someone who does not read can be when His life falls into a set routine, (90) a non reader can be easily impressed by the world outside because, Lin says, he only sees what happen

Balanced Scorecard and Financial Perspective Free Essays

African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(32), pp. 12520-12530, 14 December, 2011 Available online at http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Balanced Scorecard and Financial Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now academicjournals. org/AJBM DOI: 10. 5897/AJBM11. 928 ISSN 1993-8233  ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper An investigation into the interrelation between balanced score card factors: A case study in the automotive industry Jalalpoor Mahdieh1 and Tolouei Pedram2* 1 Department of Management, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Department of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2 Accepted 14 June, 2011 Since 1990s, when Kaplan and Norton introduced balanced scorecard (BSC) model, this model has been considerably popular amongst managers all over the world. Although BSC is known as a successful performance measurement tool amongst managers, there have been criticisms of that including: How financial and non-financial measures are linked together? Are relationships in a direct way or there is bi-directional casualty? To overcome the limitations to current BSC theory, this paper aims to describe main factors of each balanced scorecard BSC perspectives and investigate interrelation between them with consideration to automotive parts sector in Iran. For this aim, we analyze the relationship between various perspectives in structure of balanced scorecard and measure causal relationships between various perspectives and their role in improving financial perspective. This research was conducted through a set of monthly reports of Balances scorecard factors in Tosnco – company of auto industry – during a three-year period. Case study evidence verified the underlying theoretical hypothesis of BSC. It is verified that perspectives are positively correlated with each other and new interrelation between internal process perspectives factor and financial perspective evidence was also found. The innovative dimension of this research is that we actually applied BSC in Iran and investigated factors related to auto industry and interrelation between factors with each other. Key words: Performance, process, customer, finance, factors. INTRODUCTION Performance measurement is considered a part of a performance management system. This process includes series of activities to eminently and spiritually achieve organizational excellence in the competitive field and focus the efficiency and effectiveness of these activities. Martinson (1999) offer several descriptions of organizational performance, and present a variety of models and methods to performance measurement at the same time. Traditional performance measureme nt methods *Corresponding author. E-mail: p_tolouei@alumni. ut. ac. it Abbreviations: BSC, Balanced scorecard; statistical package for the social sciences. SPSS, that were based on financial measures- not only reflected the complete success or failure of companies that did not ave the necessary abilities, but also failed to establish a logical relation between the company’s success factors and was unable to support management programs (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Environmental management issues have received an increased amount of attention in recent years, as have various performance measurement systems (PMS) such as the balanced scorecard (BSC). At this time, BSC was presented as the most practical and comprehensive performance measurement model. In recent years, BSC has been a comprehensive model when looking at management issues for financial and non-financial purposes and has been very popular as it as attracted a lot of attention (Norreklit, 2000). This model offers a var iety of performance factors in four Mahdieh and Pedram perspectives: The Financial perspective; the customer perspective; the internal business process perspective and the organizational learning and growth perspective. The BSC is a multi-criteria evaluation concept that highlights the importance of performance measurement (Tseng, 2010). Based on BSC, the cause and effect relationship between the four perspectives have been created (WongOn-Wing et al. , 2007; Paul, 1998). In fact, the logic of cause and effect as the essence of he BSC approach-which distinguishes it from other approaches- is described (Atkinson et al. , 1997). It is stated that the learning and growth performance, internal process performance, costumer performance, and financial performance counteract each other eventually (DE Haas and Kleingeld, 1999). Jones and Sasser (1995) recognized a cause and effect relationship between loyalty and customer satisfaction and financial results, where customer satisfaction leads to loyalty and it is customer satisfaction that can bring positive financial results. Due to the chain relationship between perspectives, hanges in one perspective would cause changes and reactions in other perspectives. Consequently, managers can achieve improved financial results through the chain relationship between perspectives (Cohen et al. , 2008). Relationships in BSC model are indicated within the framework of the fact that in order to make financial results, we must provide value for costumers, and this would happen only, when an organization improved internal processes and match them with costumers’ demands. Accordingly, in order to improved internal processes, and initialize processes that provide value for costumers, the rganization must reinforce growth and learning in the organization (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). Hogue and James, in study of Australian construction companies in 2000, realized that the companies employing non-financial factors have made considera ble financial results. Other researchers have realized that using BSC is indirectly related to improved performance and profitability (Malina and Selto, 2001). There are very few researches related to causal relationship between various factors; especially between financial perspective and other perspectives in BSC model. Amongst such researches we can point to a research, in Greece, that onsiders the relationship between parameters of BSC model in 90 companies. Results of this research indicate that improving non-financial perspectives results in better financial perspectives, and non-financial perspectives are interrelated (Cohen and Thiraios, 2008). Although BSC is known as a successful performance measurement tool amongst managers, there have been criticisms of that including: How are financial and nonfinancial measures are linked together? Are relationships in a direct way or there is bi-directional casualty? In this study, we present an approach to overcome the limitations to current BSC theory. The scope of our study is two-fold; the first goal is to investigate and identified main factors of each balanced score card perspectives with 12521 consider to automotive parts sector. We categorize the factors and determine their priority in regard to environment of automotive parts industry. While the second goal of the study is focused on cause and effects logics and linking financial and non-financial perspectives together. In this part, we will assess the influence of factors of each perspective on other perspectives and analyze the cause and effect relationship between them. In order to present a better image of reciprocal impacts f various factors, we have taken into consideration four perspectives of the automotive company with an exception of BSC, and then we will analyze the interrelationship between four perspectives. Considering the fact that in the present environment of Iran, management and control affairs are considerably important, and accurate scientific evaluations are amongst managers’ major concerns, BSC is considered to be one of the most comprehensive and functional tools of performance evaluation. This research measures the effects of different perspectives of balanced score card in an automotive parts manufacturing unit in Iran. LITERATURE REVIEW Here, we first explain how to use balanced scorecard, and then in the next part, we investigate and identify factors related to each perspective. Part A – BSC Since 1990s, when Kaplan and Norton introduced BSC model, this model has been considerably popular amongst managers all over the world. Hundreds of organizations have already employed this model, or intend to employ it in near future (Rautiainen, 2008; Kald and Nilsson, 2000). Healthcare organization in Sweden has appreciated BSC model quite well, and has employed it as a solution to organizational problems, as well as a means of realizing organizational goals (Aidemark, 001). Germany, England and Italy have also successfully developed BSC model (Gehrke and Horvath, 2002). Numerous countries in Northern Europe have employed this model (Kald and Nilsson, 2000), and studies indicate that the model has been specifically favored in most of those countries; although in some countries, including France, where there is another model called â€Å"dashboard† rooted in their culture, BSC model is not so popular (Bourguignon et al. , 2004). Kaplan and Norton stress on importance of three principals in the concept of BSC: 1. Maintaining causal relationship 2. Including adequate performance incentives and timulators 3. Maintaining the relationship with financial measurement factors (Speckbacher et al, 2003). 12522 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Figure 1. All perspectives of BSC. On this basis, researches refer to this model as a means of working out strategies based on causal relationship (Speckbacher et al. , 2003). Causal logic is considered to be the essence of BSC model. Other researchers name causal logic as the core of BSC model (Atkinson, 1997; Norreklit, 2000). There are also theories stressing that Kaplan and Norton (1996) have not adequately explained the causal relationships, and researchers claim that the entioned relationships are not causal, and are merely logic (Pedram, 2003). Another research, in F inland, is indicative of dissatisfactions caused by lack of causal relationship between components of the model (Malmi, 2001). Although definition of causal relationships is the basis of accomplishment for balanced scorecard model, apparently many organizations do not take this into consideration (Aidmark, 2001; Ittner et al. , 2003). Part B – Factors related to each perspective in BSC In this paper, in order to measure and evaluate relationships between various perspectives, we searched or factors related to each perspective. The four perspectives of BSC are learning and growth, internal processes, costumer, and financial. Here we briefly explain characteristics of each perspective. Learning and growth perspective: stress on innovation, creativity, competition, capabilities, and target subjective properties. This perspective aims to identify professions (human assets), system (informational asset), and organizational state (organizational asset) in order to support internal processes. Internal process perspective: identify decisive processes in the organization. In this perspective, we ust make sure that company’s products and services meet the needs of customers. Costumer perspective: results in introduction of a valuable approach that guarantees loyalty of costumers. In this perspective we must keep constantly identifying parameters, which costumers consider as valuable, and provide them for costumers. Financial perspective: defines tangible outcomes of organization’s strategies and includes a series of traditional financial factors. This perspective covers longterm goals of the organization, and company’s major goals are usually put into this perspective. Financial erspective is usually considered to be a secondary aspect and a function of other perspectives. It is indeed the outcome of activities of other three non-financial perspectives. All perspectives, their causal relationships, and their relationships with strategies are shown in Figure 1. METHODOLOGY Kaplan and Norton stress that BSC is a model, and must be optimized in accordance with specific elements related to an organization or industry. This model cannot be used as a general model for various organizations and industries, or even for all aspects of an industry. Therefore, it must be designed and xecuted individually for each condition and each organization. Every organization must adjust BSC to its own mission, outlook, strategy, technology, organizational culture, and environment, in order to use it properly (Kaplan and Norton, 1993). For the same reason, we searched in related literature and Mahdieh and Pedram. studies and worked out factors related to each perspective within the realm of automotive parts. The factors are as follows: 1. There are some general factors in accordance with the requirements of international standard. Standard related to this industry is ISO/TS16949: 2009 and ISO9000 2. There are also factors related to costumer, which all companies must report to costumers periodically. 3. Factors related to other stake holder such as communities, share holders and employees 4. Factors included in scientific articles and researches with related subjects We took all required factors from the mentioned sources and put them in Table 1. Source of each factor is shown in the table too. After taking the viewpoints of experts and conditions of the Company into consideration, we selected main factors from Table 1. Factors shown in Table 2 are measured and analyzed as major factors throughout this article. Also in Table 3, the number of factors which are used in the paper is shown. Hypotheses formulation According to Kaplan and Norton model there is a continuous relationship between perspectives of BSC. According to this model, Kaplan and Norton claimed that outcomes of optimizing performance of learning and growth perspective are evident in better performance of internal business processes. This would accordingly have a positive effect on costumer perspective, and finally improves financial performance. These relationships are shown in Figure 2. The following research has aimed to evaluate this claim. In this article, we analyze the relationship between various perspectives in structure of balanced scorecard. Measuring causal relationships between various perspectives and their role in improving financial perspective is the final goal of this research. Three hypotheses were formed in this regard: H1. 1: There is a positive relationship between learning-growth perspective and internal process perspective. H1. 2: There is a positive relationship between internal process and costumer perspective. H1. 3: There is a positive relationship between customer perspective and financial perspective. In the next part, we investigated the relationship between each main perspective of BSC and detailed factors of the other perspectives. The second part of article will assess these hypotheses: H2. 1: There is a positive relationship between all factors of learning and growth perspective and internal process perspective in total. H2. 2: There is a positive relationship between all factors of internal process perspective and costumer perspective in total. H2. 3: There is a positive relationship between all factors of customer perspective and financial perspective in total. 12523 se performance factors which had been frequently used in literature of BSC. For financial perspective we used one financial criterion. In the following tables abbreviations and values related to each factor are brought from TOSN data during the period of 2006-2009. Number of factors in each perspective is shown in Table 4. We worked out level of realization of factors on the basis of company reports, covering t he period of March 21st 2006 to March 20th 2010, and in a monthly order. In order to synchronize and facilitate calculations, we worked out reports related to the factors on a monthly basis and in forms of percentages. For each factor, we worked out 48 data from the existing information, we then calculated geometrical average of factors and determined the level of interrelation between each factor and geometrical average of the related perspective. We also worked out value of each factor for the period of March 21st 2006 to March 20th 2010. Measuring the relationship between perspectives This trend showed that the BSC, when executed have growth factor. By using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) in this article, Level of interrelation between each factor and other factors of the same perspective was taken into consideration. By using SPSS, we determine importance rate of sub-scales (factors). The importance rate of each factor is shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7. Also the correlation between four main perspectives is shown in Table 8. The relationship between these four perspectives is shown in Figure 3. In Addition to relationships which are stated in Kaplan and Norton BSC card, it is obvious that there are some strong between perspectives. These relationships demonstrate that not only these for perspectives are in contact with each other in simple direction as it is shown in Figure 2; they depend on each other indirectly. It eans that not only our hypotheses in the first part are based on facts; some other relationships should be taken into account. Next, we determined whether all the sub factors of each perspective influence on upper perspective. For this aim, we consider each factors of one perspective (for example learning) and calculated the correlation between all factors of that (L1-L8) with the next p erspective (In this example, the process perspective). Based on BSC model, all of the factors of each perspective (Learning) must influence directly on the next perspective (process). We will investigate whether this claim is true or not. These relations are shown in Figure 4. Research method Conclusion Statistics used in this article are related to automotive parts manufacturing companies in Iran. The data are collected in Naien Development and Progress Company (TOSN Co. ). TOSN was established in January 1997. The main activity of this company is manufacturing main parts of automotive engine. The company is the sole manufacturer of some specific parts in Iran. The company outlook is defined as pioneering in manufacturing main parts of automotive engine in the Middle East. In this research we tried to In this article, we investigated factors related to each erspective. In order to measure and evaluate relationships between various perspectives, we searched for factors related to each perspective and ranked them for each perspective (Tables 5, 6 and 7). In the next part, we evaluated level of interrelation between non-financial perspectives and financial perspectives through 12524 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Table 1. General factors related to evaluating BSC perspectives. Perspective Factor Abbreviations Financial Return on assets return on equity inventory turnover sales margin assets turnover, debtors turnover ROE ROA IT SM AT DT Percentage of lost clients Percentage of customers’ complaints Market share on time delivery to customer rate of orders variety of products (according to the market), Perceived level of quality Perceived level of trust to the products After-sales service Rate of new costumers Perceived level of service Brand awareness Brand image Perceived value of money Perceived level of service PLC PCC MSh OTD RO VoP PLoQ PLoT AfSS NC PLoS BA BI PVoM PLoS Effectiveness of the quality management system Degree of evaluation suppliers performance number of raw material suppliers Reduction defect (casting ,machining) Reduction scraps m ean time to repair ean time between faults repair costs Quality cost Per capita logistic per capita raw materials transportation costs per capita product transportation costs EQMS DoESP NRMS RD RS MTTR MTBF RC QC PL PRMTC PPTC Costumer Internal processes 1 source 2 4 * * * * * * * * 3 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Mahdieh and Pedram. 12525 Table 1. Contd. production person-hours average daily production percentage of product realization Useful product line internal duplication error overall equipment efficiency Effective dispatching of orders (in terms of price, specifications and delivery time) degree of cooperation with suppliers degree of cooperation with distribution channels Speed of adopting innovations already introduced in the market Speed of adopting innovations not yet introduced in the market rate of support the groundwork for establishment of a process-based organization Learning and Growth PPH ADP Ppr Upl Ide OEE EDO DoCS DoCDC SoAIaI SoAInI sgepo Per capita presented suggestion, per capita accepted suggestions per capita executed suggestions rate of training hours rate of training section efficiency Frequency rate of accident Severity rate of accident rate of access to IT per capita non-cash bonus rate of investment in new technology rate of innovative products and services exchange of information with co-operative companies Promotion of common business plans with co-operating companies Cooperative companies monitoring Collaboration and information exchange in the organization Pps Pas Pes Rth Rtse FRA SRA Rai PNCB InvTech IPS FExCO FPCBT CCM FCoEx * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Source 1-factors from international standard Source 2-factors from customer viewpoint Source 3-factors focusing on stakeholder viewpoint Source 4-factors from literature review questioning main hypotheses in balanced scorecard logic. Indeed, we tried to find a real evidence for this claim. The questioned data in TOSN, manufacturer of automotive parts using balanced scorecard for 3 years, confirms this claim in some aspects. Results of presented hypotheses were as follows: Interrelations between growth perspective and internal processes perspective was almost 0. 96. Also, interrelation between processes perspective and costumer perspective was 0. 824. Interrelation etween costumer perspective and financial perspective was 0. 781(results are shown in Table 8). Therefore, in this company there is a deep and 12526 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. Table 2. Selected factors related to evaluating BSC perspectives in this article. Factor Financial perspective Sales margin Abbreviation Label Sm F Customer perspective Market share Perceived level of quality Perceived level of trust to the products After-sales service Perceived level of service Brand awareness Brand image Perceived value of money MSh PLoQ PLoT AfSS PLoS BA BI PVoM c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c8 c8 Internal business and production process perspective Effective dispatching of orders (in terms of price, specifications and delivery time) degree of cooperation with suppliers degree of cooperation with distribution channels Speed of adopting innovations already introduced in the market Speed of adopting innovations not yet introduced in the market Rate of support the groundwork for establishment of a process-based organization EDO DoCS DoCDC SoAIaI SoAInI Sgepo p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 Learning and growth perspective Rate of investment in new technology Rate of innovative products and services Exchange of information with co-operative companies Promotion of common business plans with co-operating companies Collaboration and information exchange in the organization Rate of training hours Rate of training section efficiency Cooperative companies monitoring InvTech IPS FExCO FPCBT FCoEx Rth Rtse CCM l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 l8 Table 3. Number of factors in each perspective. Number of factor 1 8 6 8 23 Perspective Financial perspective Customer perspective Internal business and production process perspective Learning and growth perspective Total and positive relationship between non-financial factors of the model. According to BSC model, Kaplan and Norton claimed hat outcomes of optimizing performance of learning and growth perspective are evident in better performance of internal business processes. This would accordingly have a positive effect on costumer perspective, and finally improves financial performance. Kaplan and Norton did not investigate the different relationship between all perspectives. In this article, we assessed all the relationships between perspectives to determine the cause and effect relationship between all perspectives. Our research resulted in amazing conclusion. We found the relationship between business processes and financial perspective strong. Interrelation between financial perspective and internal Mahdieh and Pedram. 12527 Figure 2. Effect of factors of BSC on each other. Table 4. The importance rate of each factor in the learning perspective. L1 1 0. 854(**) 0. 933(**) 0. 938(**) 0. 947(**) 0. 969(**) 0. 968(**) 0. 959(**) 0. 975(**) L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L L2 0. 854(**) 1 0. 959(**) 0. 948(**) 0. 868(**) 0. 891(**) 0. 922(**) 0. 903(**) 0. 938(**) L3 0. 933(**) 0. 959(**) 1 0. 968(**) 0. 934(**) 0. 937(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 978(**) L4 0. 938(**) 0. 948(**) 0. 968(**) 1 0. 928(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 976(**) 0. 955(**) 0. 984(**) L5 0. 947(**) 0. 868(**) 0. 34(**) 0. 928(**) 1 0. 911(**) 0. 934(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 961(**) L6 0. 969(**) 0. 891(**) 0. 937(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 911(**) 1 0. 987(**) 0. 958(**) 0. 978(**) L7 0. 968(**) 0. 922(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 976(**) 0. 934(**) 0. 987(**) 1 0. 963(**) 0. 990(**) L8 0. 959(**) 0. 903(**) 0. 954(**) 0. 955(**) 0. 957(**) 0. 958(**) 0. 963(**) 1 0. 982(**) L 0. 975(**) 0. 938(**) 0. 978(**) 0. 984(**) 0. 961(**) 0. 978(**) 0. 990(**) 0. 982(**) 1 Table 5. The importance rate of each factor in the process perspective. P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P P1 1 0. 852(**) 0. 918(**) 0. 765(**) 0. 916(**) 0. 865(**) 0. 962(**) P2 0. 852(**) 1 0. 663(**) 0. 951(**) . 925(**) 0. 853(**) 0. 920(**) P3 0. 918(**) 0. 663(**) 1 0. 580(**) 0. 736(**) 0. 683(**) 0. 827(**) P4 0. 765(**) 0. 951(**) 0. 580(**) 1 0. 824(**) 0. 738(**) 0. 827(**) P5 0. 916(**) 0. 925(**) 0. 736(**) 0. 824(**) 1 0. 939(**) 0. 968(**) P6 0. 865(**) 0. 853(**) 0. 683(**) 0. 738(**) 0. 939(**) 1 0. 958(**) P 0. 962(**) 0. 920(**) 0. 827(**) 0. 827(**) 0. 968(**) 0. 958(**) 1 Table 6. The importance rate of each factor in the customer perspective. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C C1 1 0. 979(**) 0. 959(**) 0. 872(**) 0. 953(**) 0. 945(**) 0. 806(**) 0. 820(**) 0. 938(**) C2 0. 979(**) 1 0. 948(**) 0. 891(**) 0. 947(**) 0. 53(**) 0. 855(**) 0. 876(**) 0. 965(**) C3 0. 959(**) 0. 948(**) 1 0. 849(**) 0. 972(**) 0. 960(* *) 0. 705(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 898(**) C4 0. 872(**) 0. 891(**) 0. 849(**) 1 0. 873(**) 0. 933(**) 0. 879(**) 0. 878(**) 0. 956(**) C5 0. 953(**) 0. 947(**) 0. 972(**) 0. 873(**) 1 0. 970(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 764(**) 0. 917(**) C6 0. 945(**) 0. 953(**) 0. 960(**) 0. 933(**) 0. 970(**) 1 0. 804(**) 0. 829(**) 0. 961(**) C7 0. 806(**) 0. 855(**) 0. 705(**) 0. 879(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 804(**) 1 0. 985(**) 0. 935(**) C8 0. 820(**) 0. 876(**) 0. 733(**) 0. 878(**) 0. 764(**) 0. 829(**) 0. 985(**) 1 0. 946(**) C 0. 938(**) 0. 965(**) 0. 898(**) . 956(**) 0. 917(**) 0. 961(**) 0. 935(**) 0. 946(**) 1 ** Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). processes of production and business was positive and equal to 0. 946. Based on this finding, we tried to determine the reason for this relationship. For this aim, we considered all the factors of each perspective and we evaluated these detailed relationship. Interrelation between factors of process perspective and financial 12528 Afr. J. Bus . Manage. Table 7. The relationship between main perspectives. L P C F L 1 0. 967(**) 0. 888(**) 0. 950(**) P 0. 967(**) 1 0. 824(**) 0. 946(**) C 0. 888(**) 0. 824(**) 0. 771(**) F 0. 950(**) 0. 946(**) 0. 771(**) 1 ** Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 8. The relationship between each factor of one perspective with the next perspective. Relationship between factors of learning perspective and three other perspectives Learning factor Process Customer Financial ** ** ** L1 0. 971 0. 793 0. 968 ** ** L2 0. 854 0. 967 0. 827** ** ** L3 0. 921 0. 916 0. 911** ** ** L4 0. 951 0. 917 0. 914** ** ** L5 0. 910 0. 793 0. 929** ** ** L6 0. 984 0. 852 0. 944** ** ** L7 0. 977 0. 884 0. 945** L8 0. 947** 0. 843** 0. 932** Relation Strongly accepted Moderately accepted Strongly accepted Strongly accepted Moderately accepted Strongly accepted Strongly accepted Strongly accepted Relationship between factors of process perspective and three other perspectives Process factor Learning Customer Financial Relation P1 0. 880** 0. 740** 0. 889** Direct relationship P2 0. 940** 0. 964** 0. 849** Strongly accepted P3 0. 687** 0. 547** 0. 729** Direct relationship P4 0. 869** 0. 968** 0. 765** Strongly accepted ** ** P5 0. 934 0. 817 0. 888** Direct relationship P6 0. 960** 0. 752** 0. 936** Direct relationship Relationship between factors of customer perspective and three other perspectives Customer Factor Learning Process Financial Relation C1 0. 753** 0. 711** 0. 822** Strongly accepted C2 0. 821** 0. 775** 0. 696** Not accepted C3 0. 656** 0. 579** 0. 803** Strongly accepted ** ** C4 0. 506 0. 525 0. 677** Strongly accepted C5 0. 628** 0. 664** 0. 531** Not accepted C6 0. 748** 0. 663** 0. 600** Not accepted ** ** C7 0. 957 0. 936 0. 961** Strongly accepted C8 0. 921** 0. 923** 0. 937** Strongly accepted perspective as a whole was the greatest level of interrelation between financial and non-financial factors. As it was earlier demonstrated, there is a strong direct relationship between business process perspective and inancial perspective. This relationship has not been declared as a direct relation in Kaplan and Norton Model; whilst its more analysis will be useful regarding its high occurrence rate, factors p1, p3, p5, p6 are the main reason for such strong correlation between business processes perspective and financial perspective. It shows that although, according the model, t he relations are series like and bottom-up, there are other relations amongst perspectives as well which must be considered. More detailed analysis of such relations may be posed as the following: P1 high correlation with the financial perspective: Effective dispatching of orders (in terms of price, specifications and delivery time) with financial perspective; given the status quo of the company, relation of this factor with financial perspective is so that more Mahdieh and Pedram 12529 Figure 3. The relationship between four perspectives in BSC. Figure 4. The relationship between main perspectives factors. attention to this factor will lead to faster payment by the customer and hence improvement of financial status of the company. market with financial perspective; this factor relates to R and D field. And regarding its high importance for the ustomer, it will result in faster payment and also will create direct relationship with financial perspective. P3 high correlation with the financial perspective: Degree of cooperation with distribution channels, with financial perspective; this factor affects on p1 factor and improves the performance in terms of financial perspective. P5 high correlation with the financial perspective: Speed of adopting innovations not yet introduced in the P6 high correlation with the financial perspective: Rate of supporting the groundwork for establishment of a process-based organization with financial; because of its elation with â€Å"activity based cost† (ABC) method, it has found relationship with processes and processes separation topics. Considering such direct relations between these two perspectives and their definitions, it can be concluded 12530 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. that although the offered relations in this model are verified in this case, all relations have not been considered in BSC model. Thus, consideration of all of these relations is essential to achieve the strategic goals of the company. Research limitations and suggestion for further Factors introduced in each perspective were general. 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